Winter Blues: Recognising Seasonal Affective Disorder in Children
Seasonal Affective Disorder, also known as SAD, is a mental condition often associated with depression, which interestingly occurs during specific seasons (the majority during winter or autumn) when the nights get longer and the daily light shorter.
In adults, it is estimated that around 5% to 10% of the population may experience symptoms of SAD, with prevalence varying depending on factors such as geographical location, age, and gender.
While SAD is commonly associated with adults, it's essential to recognise that children can also be affected by this seasonal mood disorder. SAD may present unique challenges in children, impacting their academic performance, social interactions, and overall well-being.
Moreover, It is important to note that diagnosing SAD in children can be challenging, as symptoms may be attributed to other conditions.
Symptoms
Since these symptoms could be easily associated with different conditions, and the diagnosis could be challenging in children, it is crucial to notice the timing in which these symptoms are shown.
As parents or caregivers, the list of the following symptoms helps us to get clues regarding a possible SAD in our children. However, it is essential to notice if these symptoms increase in the winter and decrease in the summer because, as we will learn, the amount of daily light plays a significant role in SAD.
Mood Changes:
Children with SAD may experience persistent feelings of sadness, irritability, or a lack of interest in activities they once enjoyed.
Changes in Energy Levels:
Fatigue, lethargy, and an apparent decrease in energy levels can be signs of SAD in children.
Sleep Disturbances:
Insomnia or oversleeping may be observed, disrupting the child's regular sleep patterns.
Academic Challenges:
SAD can affect concentration and focus, leading to a decline in academic performance.
Social Withdrawal:
Children may become socially withdrawn, avoiding interactions with friends and family.
Changes in Appetite:
Significant changes in appetite, either an increase or decrease, may indicate SAD.
These symptoms typically only appear in the winter, with fewer daylight hours. Kids and teens suffering from SAD will experience an increase in energy and an improvement in their mood when the season changes and the days lengthen once more.
Potential Causes
Although the precise origin of SAD is unknown, there are some theories which can explain why this type of mood imbalance happens specifically during these seasons (autumn and winter). The following are the major theories accredited and shared by professionals:
Biological Factors:
Two brain chemicals, melatonin and serotonin, are impacted by daylight. Sunshine causes the brain to produce more serotonin, increasing feelings of contentment and wellness, while the brain produces more melatonin in the dark. An elevated melatonin level makes us drowsy and low on energy.
Fall and winter's shorter days and longer hours of darkness may cause serotonin levels to drop and melatonin levels to rise. As a result, we might feel more inclined to be depressed.
Genetic Predisposition:
There is evidence to suggest a genetic component to SAD. Children or teenagers with a family history of depression or SAD may be more susceptible to developing the disorder themselves.
External Factors:
Academic pressures, social challenges, or family issues can impact our children and facilitate the development of SAD. However, in SAD cases, I have highlighted two possible significant causes:
Physical Activity:
Cold weather and darker days may discourage outdoor activities and exercise, known as mood enhancers. Moreover, a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to the development of depressive symptoms.
Social Isolation:
Winter weather can limit social interactions and outdoor activities, leading to isolation. The lack of social support is a significant risk factor for our children, which, if not adequately addressed, can lead to developing depression or SAD.
Supporting Children with SAD:
Supporting children with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) requires a thoughtful and understanding approach. Here are some practical tips for parents, caregivers, and educators to help children navigate the challenges of SAD and promote their mental well-being during the darker months.
Encourage Outdoor Activities:
Even on cloudy days, spending time outdoors exposes children to natural light and fresh air, which can positively influence their mood. Especially after a day at school, our children might not feel in the mood to do outdoor activities, so it is important for us as parents or caregivers to motivate them (maybe a walk to the local shop for some chocolate could be an excellent excuse to get outside after school).
Maintain a Consistent Routine:
Establish a daily routine that includes regular mealtimes, bedtime, and playtime. Predictability can provide stability, which is especially important during darker days.
Emphasise a Healthy Lifestyle and hobbies:
Encourage a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep to support the overall well-being of our children. Help them find joy in hobbies and activities they love. Whether drawing, playing a musical instrument, or sports, engaging in positive activities can be uplifting.
Open Communication:
Create a safe space for children to express their feelings and concerns. Make it clear that it's okay for them to share what they are going through without judgment and that you are there to listen.
In conclusion, Seasonal Affective Disorder in children is a natural and impactful condition that requires attention and understanding from parents, caregivers, and educators.
By recognising the symptoms and applying effective strategies, we can help our children navigate the winter blues and ensure they receive the support they need to thrive, even during the darker months of the year.
